MAGNITUDE, DETERMINANTS, AND EFFECTS OF ILLEGAL OUT-MIGRATION FROM SOUTH WOLLO ZONE: WITH AN EMPHASIS ON SELECTED WOREDAS IN ETHIOPIA
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the magnitude, determinants, and effects of low skilled illegal out-migration: with reference to Ambasel, Tehulederie and Worebaboworedas. Data were collected using secondary and primary sources. In order to illicit respondents opinion questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions were employed. The target group respondents were returnee emigrants, emigrants’ families and community leaders that comprises of administrative members, religious groups, Eqquib leaders and elders. The sampling technique employed to identify respondents was simple random sampling and convenience non-probability sampling. Data was analyzed using descriptive and statistical analysis. The result of the study shows increasing of low skilled illegal migration due to the effect of push and pull factors. Potential emigrants pushed by their problems as they see migration as options for improving life and also lured by successful migrants’ achievements that enhance them making decision. Thus, people rush to cross borders but faced severe problems by inhuman and brutal act of smugglers including requesting money in the transit country Yemen. Emigrants who fulfilled smugglers request continue their journey to their destination countries. Some could detain at the border, and some succeed in migrating but fail to remit. The effect of illegal migration found to be positive but more of its outcome have negative consequences. The positive effects are benefits of remittances and the negative consequence of migration represents a large outflow of human capital from the study region, Physical and emotional violence, death and acute illness, economical crisis. Based on the findings recommendations are made. There should be awareness creation on consequence of illegal migration to the society. Areas of revenue generation and opportunities should be identified and training, access to finance, consultancy service and strategies to enhance them for work need to be facilitated. Government need to make efforts to protect migrants’ rights in the host countries.
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